George Washington University

TRED 256: LINGUISTIC APPLICATIONS

  
 
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   Phonology
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Student Presentation: Emily & Rebecca; PowerPoint & Word Handout
Key terms: phones: phonetic segments that occur in a language (these may not make a difference in meaning, however)
phoneme: Significant sound contrast in a language that serves to distinguish meaning, as in minimal pairs.
phonemics: The study of the sound contrasts (phonemes) of a particular language.
phonetics: The study of speech sounds in general; what people actually say in various languages.
phonology 
1. The study of sounds used in speech.
2. The mental representation of the sounds and sound patterns in a speaker's mental grammar, or the linguistic knowledge about sound a speaker has

Telling a phone from a phoneme: [phone]  /phoneme/

Similar phones that occur in complementary distribution are allophones
    Example: pill has [ph] while spill has [p] and both are allophones of the phoneme /p/

morpheme: (leftover from Chapter 3) the minimal unit of linguistic meaning or grammatical function; an elemental grammatical unit

Phonetic Features

Used to write phonological rules
describe distinctive features of a sound

Minimal Pairs

These show that a single phonological feature can effect meaning
Exercise1 (299) Kinds of Phonological Rules>

  • assimilation (273)
  • dissimilation (276)
  • adding nondistinctive features (277) (ex, aspiration)
  • epenthesis (278)
  • deletion (278 - 280)
  • metathesis (281) examples of funny metathesis

Morphophonemic rules: see plural morpheme [z], [s] or [schwa]

Rule-writing activity:

Exercise 6 (301)

Exercise 7 (302)

Stress activity:

Exercise 9 (303)

Background on Paku
 
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