Immersion, Partial Immersion, and Dual Language

What is Dual Language?
(from Palm Beach, FL Public Schools)

Dual Language programs, also known as a two-way or developmental programs, allow students to develop proficiency in two languages by receiving instruction in English and another language in a classroom that is usually comprised of half native English Speakers and half speakers of the other language. Dual language programs provide both sets of students with ample exposure to two languages, allowing them to progress academically in both languages and gain an appreciation of another culture.

It is important to clarify the difference between native language support and dual language programs. Native language support is one component of a dual language program that provides, books, audio/video, and other materials in native language. Native language programs may be utilized after school, or within the course of the day in one class or in pull-out models.
Goals & Benefits

The goals of the Dual Language programs work toward:

* the opportunity to develop and learn through their native language as well as through the English Language.
* an additive bilingual environment that supports development of both languages
* the enhancement of student self-esteem and cross-cultural understanding

Language minority students benefit from Dual Language programs through:

* the opportunity to develop and learn through their native language as well as through the English Language.
* an additive bilingual environment that supports development of both languages
* the enhancement of student self-esteem and cross-cultural understanding

Characteristics

* elementary schools generally begin the program in Kindergarten then increase it one grade per school year.
* each dual language class is comprised of at least 40% native minority language speakers
* K-5 students receive 50% of their instruction in the minority language, and 50% of their instruction in English (the 50:50 model includes instructional content in language arts in the two languages)
* The two languages must be kept separate at all times during instruction
* English Language Learners (ELL) continue to follow their ELL plans and strategies that are developed to guarantee their adequate progress
* Grade level expectations should be met by all students in both languages
* Assessment of student progress is required in both languages
* When one teacher is instructing in both languages to one class, the ratio of students to teacher does not exceed 1:26. When a teacher instructing in English is partnered with a teacher instructing in the minority language, the ratio does not exceed 2:45

Article on Native Language Support

Language immersion schooling can restore "confidence in learning"
by: Jerry Reynolds
Indian Country Today Monday, September 11, 2006
An Aug. 31 congressional field hearing in Albuquerque on Native languages generated a wealth of testimony, oral and written, that underscored the links between language and the survival of cultures, dual language learning and academic achievement, and federal funding and the language immersion schooling programs that have shown promising results among Native Hawaiians, the Maori of New Zealand and approximately 75 tribal communities.

Praxis exam practice (mp3)