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Approach,
Method & Technique (from Brown chapter 2)
Edward Anthony
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Jack Richards & Theodore Rogers
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Current Usage
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Approach:
Set of assumptions dealing with the nature
of language, learning & teaching
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Approach:
-
theory of native language
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theory of the nature of learning
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Methodology: pedagocial practices in general, including theoretical underpinnings and related research
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Method: overal plan for systematic presentation of language based on a selected approach
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Design
- general & specific objective of the method
- syllabus model
- types
of learning & teaching activities
- learner roles
- teacher roles
- role of instructional materials
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Approach: positions & beliefs
(well-informed) about the nature of language, of language learning,
and how they apply too pedagogical settings
Curriculum/ Syllabus: designs for carrying out a particular language program |
Techniques: specific activities manfested in the classroom that were consistent with a method and in harmony with an approach
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Procedure:
classroom techniques, practices, and behaviors
observed when the method is used |
Technique: Any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or tasks used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives
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Methods Acting
- 4 methods being presented: Direct Method,
Audiolingual, Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia, The Silent
Way.
- Assignment while watching/observing method: On a sheet of paper
write down one aspect of method you could use/adapt to your teaching (Some students
will be asked to complete the scoring sheet.)
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After each presentation:
- Give strengths
- Comment on what you could adapt/use
Principles of Language
Teaching 
A
main objective of this class is to help you make choices based on sound principles
of language learning and teaching. Brown lays out 12 principles that you
should consider when you decide what to teach and how to teach it.
Brown's 12 Principles:
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Cognitive
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Affective
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Linguistic
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| 1. Automaticity |
6. Language Ego |
10. The Native Language Effect |
| 2. Meaningful Learning |
7. Self-confidence |
11. Interlanguage |
| 3. The Anticipation of Reward |
8. Risk-taking |
12. Communicative Competence |
| 4. The Intrinsic Motivation Principle |
9. The Language-Culture Connection |
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| 5. Strategic Investment |
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Two examples:
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Automaticity
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Meaningful Learning
For each of these principles, state what it means in terms of:
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The Learner
- Instruction
Examples:
Brown's 12 Principles:
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Cognitive
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Affective
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Linguistic
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1. Automaticity
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The learner must move away from conscious focus on
the forms of language (grammar, word morphology, pronunciation) and
toward automatic processing of these forms – this frees up attention to
focus on meaning.
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Balance form-focused instruction with meaning-focused instruction.
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6. Language Ego
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Learner:
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Instruction:
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10. The Native Language Effect
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Learner:
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Instruction:
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2. Meaningful Learning
- The learner must actively relate new information about language to what they already know.
- Instruction must relate new information to
students’ background knowledge, including their experiences, cultural
backgrounds, and prior linguistic and content knowledge.
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7. Self-confidence
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Learner:
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Instruction:
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11. Interlanguage
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Learner:
-
Instruction:
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3. The Anticipation of Reward
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Learner:
-
Instruction:
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8. Risk-taking
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Learner:
-
Instruction:
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12. Communicative Competence
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Learner:
-
Instruction:
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4. The Intrinsic Motivation Principle
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Learner:
-
Instruction:
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9. The Language-Culture Connection
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Learner:
-
Instruction:
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5. Strategic Investment
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Learner:
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Instruction:
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Activity 1: Developing Brown's Principles: Students work in groups of 4
to list other 10 principles, relate to A. Learner, and B. Instruction.
1. Without looking at text
2. Use text to fill in gaps
3. List all principles on display
4. State what each means in terms of
learner and instruction. Check for agreement among all groups.
Who is Doug Brown? http://www.sfsu.edu/~matesol/faculty.html#1
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